Phytochemicals for Depression: Systematic Review of Plant-Based Treatments
Can plant-based compounds treat depression?
Yes. Four plant-based compounds - saffron, lavender, St. John’s wort, and turmeric - show effective antidepressant properties in clinical studies. A systematic review of 13 randomized controlled trials and 1 meta-analysis with 1,050 patients published in Frontiers in Psychiatry found that these phytochemicals reduce depressive symptoms through multiple mechanisms including neurotransmitter modulation, anti-inflammatory effects, and neuroprotective properties.
Phytochemicals work through various mechanisms depending on the plant - saffron and St. John’s wort inhibit serotonin reuptake similar to conventional antidepressants, lavender enhances GABA activity and increases BDNF levels, while turmeric reduces inflammation, regulates the HPA axis, and supports neuroplasticity.