Brain Network Changes in Depression: Frontostriatal Salience Network Expansion

How does depression change brain networks?

Depression expands the brain’s salience network in regions that control attention and emotions, fundamentally reorganizing brain connectivity. This explains why people with depression struggle with focus, decisions, and emotional control. Key changes:

• Network expansion - salience network grows abnormally large
• Attention problems - affects brain regions controlling focus
• Emotional processing - disrupts areas managing emotions
• Decision-making difficulties - impacts regions involved in choices

Depression significantly expands the brain’s salience network, particularly in frontostriatal regions that control attention and emotional processing. This network expansion represents a fundamental reorganization of brain connectivity that may explain why people with depression struggle with attention, decision-making, and emotional regulation.

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Weakened Brain Network Connectivity in Adolescent Depression

How does depression affect teenage brain networks?

Depression significantly weakens brain network communication in teenagers, impairing attention switching and increasing rumination. Brain imaging shows reduced connectivity between key networks during rest.

Depression disrupts communication between the salience network and default mode network, explaining why depressed teenagers struggle with attention and get trapped in rumination patterns.

What the data show:

• Network disruption: salience and default mode networks disconnect
• Attention impact: impaired ability to switch between internal/external focus
• Rumination: increased negative thought patterns
• Cognitive effects: problems concentrating on tasks and schoolwork
• Developmental vulnerability: adolescent brain networks particularly susceptible

Adolescent depression significantly weakens the communication between the brain’s salience network and default mode network during rest, explaining characteristic attention difficulties and rumination patterns.

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